Fashion (Module 7)

1.Which fashion magazine has been the longest-lasting and most successful in the world? Give the details of the history of the magazine.
The oldest fashion magazine is Harper's Bazaar, the well-known American fashion magazine , first published in 1867. Since its debut in 1867 as America's first fashion magazine, the pages of Harper's Bazaar, first called Harper's Bazar. When Harper’s Bazaar began publication it was a weekly magazine catering to women in the middle and upper class. They showcased fashion from Germany and Paris in a newspaper design format. It wasn’t until 1901 that Harper’s moved to a monthly issued magazine which it maintains today. Now Harper's Bazaar is owned and operated by the Hearst Corporation in the U.S. and The National Magazine Company in the U.K. Hearst purchased the magazine in 1912.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harper%27s_Bazaar

2. Why is the name of the British fashion designer Mary Quant relevant in the history of fashion? Illustrate.
Mary Quant is one of the many designers who took credit for inventing the miniskirt and hot pants. She is also famed for her work on pop art in fashion. The miniskirt, for which she is arguably most famous, became one of the defining fashions of the 1960s. The miniskirt was developed separately by Andre Courreges and John Bates and there is disagreement as to who came up with the idea first. Mary Quant named the miniskirt after her favorite make of car, the Mini ; she loved this car so much. In the late 1960s, Quant also popularised hot pants. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Quant 3.What does the term 'haute couture' refer to? Who was the first fashion designer to introduce the term? Which French fashion designer is considered to be one of the most chic in haute couture?

Haute couture refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted clothing , it is made to order for a specific customer, and it is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric and sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Couture is a common abbreviation of Haute Couture, which refers to the same thing in spirit. In modern France, haute couture is a "protected name" that can be used only by firms that meet certain well-defined standards. However, the term is also used loosely to describe all high-fashion custom-fitted clothing, whether it is produced in Paris or in other fashion capitals such as Milan, London, Rome, Florence, New York and Tokyo. It was first introduced by a Englishman Charles Frederick Worth , by his work, produced in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century. The couturier Charles Frederik Worth is widely considered the father of haute couture as it is known today. He is best known for preparing a portfolio of designs that were shown on live models at the House of Worth. Lived October 13, 1826–March 10, 1895.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute_couture

4.What is the function of buttons on jacket sleeves and where has this custom come from? Illustrate.



Buttons on a man's jacket sleeve have absolutely no purpose.
They originated on the uniforms of Napoleon's army when he discovered that his soldiers were usind their sleeves to wipe their noses.

http://thelongestlistofthelongeststuffatthelongestdomainnameatlonglast.com/cliffclavin46.html

5.How did the women's wigs look like in the eighteenth-century England? Illustrate.

Among women in the French court of Versailles in the mid-to-late 18th century, large, elaborate and often themed (such as the stereotypical "boat poufs") were in vogue for women. These combed-up hair extensions were often very heavy, weighted down with pomades, powders, and other ornamentation. In the late 18th century these coiffures (along with many other indulgences in court life) became symbolic of the decadence of the French nobility, which helped to fuel the French Revolution(although its influence is highly exaggerated).

6.What makes an item vintage? Examples.

Vintage clothing is a generic term for new or second hand garments originating from a previous era, clothing from the 1920s to 1980 is considered vintage.









http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vintage_clothing 7.What is a 'brassiere '? What is a 'negligee'? History? Illustrate.

A brassiere (commonly referred to as a bra) is an article of clothing that covers, supports, and elevates the breasts.Since the late 19th century, it has replaced the corset as the most widely accepted method for supporting a woman's breasts. Bras are these days worn by women in almost all parts of the world. Brassiere or bikini-like garments are depicted on some female athletes in the 1400s BC during the Minoan civilization era. Similar functionality was achieved by both outerwear and underwear. In China during theMing Dynasty a form of foundation cloth complete with cups and straps drawn over shoulders and tied to the girth seam at the lower back called a dudou was in vogue among rich women. The negligee is a form of womenswear intended for wear at night and in the bedroom. It is a form of nightgown ; first introduced in France in the 18th-century, where it mimicked the heavy head-to-toe style of women's day dresses of the time. By the 1920s it began to mimic women's satin single-layer evening dresses of the period. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brassiere
8.Describe the history of perfumes. When and where were the perfumes first used?

The world's first recorded chemist is considered to be a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia.She distilled flowers, oil, and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the still several times. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfume

9.Who is the top model ranked 15 among Top Icon models? Give a short biography of the model.
15. Edita Vilkeviciute
dita Vilkeviciute is a Lithuanian model , who was born on New Year's Day of 1989, in Kaunas .
After her discovery, she signed to Women Management in Milan, and later, Viva in Paris in 2006. Her runway debut was at Just Cavalli for the spring/summer 2007 shows. In late 2008, she participated in the Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2008, in the PINK section. Vilkeviciute has graced the pages of many fashion magazines around the world in including Vogue in Germany and France, Allure, and i-D.
In 2009, she appeared nude in a steamy photo shoot for Interview I magazine with Zac Efron.
She is the current face of Karl Lagerfeld, GAP in Japan, Dior Beauty and Emporio Armani.
In the autumn/winter 2008 campaigns, Vilkeviciute replaced Hilary Rhoda as the face of clothing line Etro. She also did a campaign for Louis
Vuitton's Mon Monogram range of personalised leather goods.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edita_Vilkevi%C4%8Di%C5%ABt%C4%97

10.What is the name of the company, which first started to produce denim jeans? When and where?
A German-Jewish dry goods merchant Levi Strauss was selling blue jeans under the "Levi's" name to the mining communities of California in the 1850s. One of Strauss's customers was Jacob Davis, a tailor who frequently purchased bolts of cloth from the Levi Strauss & Co. wholesale house. After one of Davis's customers kept purchasing cloth to reinforce torn pants, he had an idea to use copper rivets to reinforce the points of strain, such as on the pocket corners and at the top of the button fly. Davis did not have the required money to purchase a patent, so he wrote to Strauss suggesting that they both go into business together. After Strauss accepted Davis's offer, the two men received U.S. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeans