Adolf Hitler(Adolph Schicklgruber) was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known as the Nazi Party.
Adolf Hitler was born on 20 April 1889, as the fourth child of six[7] in Braunau am Inn. Because of his father's job, Hitler moved from Braunau to Passau, later to Lambach and finally to Leonding. He attended several Volksschule's. Hitler's mother, Klara Pölzl, was the third wife of Alois Hitler and also his cousinHitler failed high school exams in Linz twice.In 1905, he left school without an exam. He became interested in the anti-Semitic (anti-Jewish), Pan-German teachings of Professor Leopold Poetsch. In September 1907, he went to Vienna and took an entrance examination.In December 1907, Hitler's mother died and, because of that, he was depressed.In 1909, Hitler went the second time to Vienna to study art. He was not good enough for the Academy of Arts and failed the first entrance examinationHitler was been influenced by Martin Luther's On the Jews and their Lies. In Mein Kampf, Hitler refers to Martin Luther as "a great warrior, a true statesman and a great reformer
In 1913, Hitler was 24 years old. At that time, all young Austrian men had to join the army. Hitler did not like the Austrian army, so he left Austria for Germany. He lived in a German city, Munich.[9]
On 16 August 1914, Hitler joined the Bavarian army.On 5 October 1916, he was hurt by a bullet shell. Between 9 October and 1 December, he was in the military hospital Belitz. In March 1917, he went back to the front.In March 1918, Hitler participated in the Spring Offensive. On 4 August 1918, Hitler was awarded with the Iron Cross First Class by the Jewish Hugo Gutmann. After the capitulation of Germany, Hitler was shocked, because the German army still held enemy area in November 1918.
After World War I, Hitler stayed in the army and returned to MunichThere he attend the funeral march of the killed Bavarian prime minister Kurt Eisner.In 1919, he participated in a training programme for propaganda speakers from 5 to 12 June and 26 June to 5 July. Later that year, Hitler joined a small political party called the German Workers Party. He became member number 555.
He soon won the support of the party members. Two years later, he became the leader of the party. He renamed the party the National Socialist German Workers Party. It became known as the Nazi Party.
In 1923, Hitler tried to take over the Weimar Republic government (1918–34) in the Beer Hall Putsch. The coup failed. The government killed 13 of his men (the 13 dead men were later declared saints in Nazi ideology). They also put Hitler in the Landsberg Prison. They said that he would stay in prison for five years, but they let him leave after nine months. While he was in prison, he wrote a book with the help of his friend Rudolf Hess. At first, Hitler wanted to call the book Four and a Half Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice. In the end, he called the book Mein Kampf or My Struggle.In 1933, Hitler was elected into the German government. He ended freedom of speech, and put his enemies in jail or killed them. He did not allow any other party except the Nazi party. Hitler and his propaganda minister, Joseph Goebbels, spread extreme nationalism within Germany. All media had to praise the Nazis. Also, more people were born because Hitler wanted more people of the "master race" (by that he meant Aryan, or those with blue eyes and blond hair). He made Germany a totalitarian Nazi state
Hitler started World War II by ordering the German Army to invade Poland. His army conquered Poland and most of the Europe, including France and a large part of the Soviet Union. During the war, he ordered the Nazis to kill many people, including women and children. The Nazis killed six million Jews in the Holocaust. Other people that the Nazis killed were Roma (Gypsies), homosexuals, Slavs such as Russians and Poles, and his political opponents.
Finally, the other countries in the world worked together to defeat Germany. Hitler lost all of the land that he had taken, and millions of Germans were killed. At the end of World War II, Hitler wanted everyone to die, including himself. Hitler got married to Eva Braun in April 1945. They both committed suicide (killed themselves) in Berlin one day after their marriage. She and Hitler both used cyanide. Then, Hitler shot himself in the head.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler#Hitler.27s_life_story
2. Why is John Stith Pemberton's name famous? Illustrate.
John Stith Pemberton (January 8, 1831 – August 16, 1888) was a Confederate veteran and an American druggist, and perhaps was best known for being the inventor of Coca-Cola, which in his lifetime was used only for medical purposes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pemberton
3. What was the name of the famous Italian astronomer, physicist and philosopher, who was born on the 15 February 1564? Give a short overview of his achievements.
Galileo Galilei. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy, the "father of modern physics,the "father of science,"and "the Father of Modern Science."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_Galilei
4.Provide interesting facts about William Henry Gates III. Why is he world-famous?
William Henry "Bill" Gates IIIs an American business magnate, philanthropist, and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with Paul Allen.
Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Gates
5.What was the name of the Scottish mathematician and engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were a key stage in the Industrial Revolution? Illustrate his innovation.
James Watt (January 19, 1736 - August 19, 1819).
http://www.famouspeople.co.uk/j/jameswatt.html
6.Give a short biography of Andrew Warhola. What was/is he famous for? Illustrations.
Andy Warhol (born Andrew Warhola, August 6, 1928 - February 22, 1987) was one of the most famous American artists of the later half of the 20th century. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He originally worked as a commercial artist. He designed things like advertisements and window displays for stores. He soon became an artist, and was famous for being an artist in the Pop Art movement, in which everyday objects and media images were used. One of his most famous paintings is his colourful portrait of American movie star, Marilyn Monroe.
Warhol graduated from the Carnegie Instutute of Technology before moving to New York. His first big break was in August of 1949 when he was asked to illustrate an article in Glamour Magazine. He dropped the 'A' in his name when the credits read "Drawings by Andrew Warhol". Warhol was married three times, but divorced all three women. Andy Warhol was also very famous for painting Campbells and watties soup cans. He has painted about 300 different paintings.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol
7.What are the most important facts about the life of Norma Jeane Mortenson ? Illustrate.
Quick facts :
Birth Date : June 1st, 1926 in Los Angeles.
Birth Name : Norma Jeane Mortenson.
Known as : Norma Jeane Baker.
Mother : Gladys Baker (previously Mortenson).
Father : unknown to Marilyn. Gladys pretended it was Stan Gifford. He refused to speak to Marilyn when she tried to meet him.
Siblings (born from Gladys' marriage to Jasper Baker) : Jackie and Berneice. Jasper took the children away from Gladys when Berneice was still a baby.
When Marilyn was born, Gladys declared she was her third child but that the other two were dead. Jackie died in 1933 at the age of 15, after Jasper refused to have him cured at the hospital. Norma Jeane and Berneice first heard of eachother when they were respectivly 12 and 19 years old.
Childhood : because of her mental instability, Gladys had to entrust her daughter to foster homes. Norma Jeane consequently grew up in various foster homes (she spent the first 7 years of her life with the Bolenders). In 1934, after spending a few months with her mother, who was finally confined into a mental institution because of her mental illness (schizophreny), she moved in with Grace McKee (one of Gladys' good friends). In 1935, as Grace was to marry, she had to leave Norma Jeane to the orphanage, from September 1935 to June 1937, when she finally went back to live with Grace's family, the Goddards. Grace kept telling her she would become a beautiful woman and a wonderful actress, which made Norma Jeane hope for a better future. Unfortunately, Grace's husband was transferred to the East Coast in 1942. Because of the expenses related to a 16 years old teenager they couldn't afford, the couple had to take a decision for Norma Jeane : either put her back to the orphanage or marry her to someone.
On June 19, 1942 she finally wed her 21-year-old neighbor James E. Dougherty, whom she had been dating for six months.
From Norma Jeane to Marilyn : Jimmy joined the Merchant Marines and was sent to the South Pacific in 1944 : Norma Jeane decided to join the assembly line at the Radio Plane Munitions factory.During the 1944 fall, she met David Coroner, a photographer taking pictures of women who were contributing to the war effort. He immediatly saw Norma Jeane's potential and sent her to the Blue Book Agency in 1945. In November of that same year, Andre De Dienes met her and took her first pictures on the beach.
In 1946, because of pressures, Norma Jeane started to change things in her life : first, she dyed her hair to blonde shades. Second, she asked for a divorce on May 14th 1946. That same year, she signed her first contract with the Fox Studios, and was paid 75$ a week. Finally, on August 24th 1946, Norma Jeane Dougherty became Marilyn Monroe.
Fame : things started to work out for Marilyn, small parts slowly became first parts in her movies. When she met Joe DiMaggio, they became the most popular couple of the United States. The two American idols got married on January 14th of 1954 in San Francisco and divorced nine months later, for "career conflicts". The fact was Joe DiMaggio was very protective of his wife and hated seeing her treated as a sexual object by the public.
At the end of 1954, the bad critics for "There's no Business like Show Business" helped her take the decision to leave L.A. for New York in secret, with Milton Greene's help. A few weeks later, on January 1, 1955, they both publicly announced the creation of the Marilyn Monroe Productions, which was a way for Marilyn to choose her movies, parts, directors, etc... and get more control on her career. At the same time, as a part of her efforts to become what she called a "real actress", she joined Lee Strasberg's Actors Studio and moved all her fellow students singing "I'll get by".
By the same time, she was also seeing playwright Arthur Miller who was waiting for his divorce to marry her. They finally married on June 29th 1956.
Children : from what we know, Marilyn had two miscarriages during her common life with Arthur Miller, but never had children. It was probably the hardest thing she had to deal with, since she wanted and needed children so badly. Rumours are that in her last days, she was looking for a child to adopt in Mexico.
Death : Marilyn died mysteriously in her bedroom on August 5th, 1962. The coroner declared the probable cause of death was suicide by poisoning but many elements tend to leed to other suggestions, more likely to have happened : accident or even maybe murder.
http://www.everlasting-star.net/biography.php
8. Who was the Roman emperor, who was murdered by senators 44 B.C? Why did this happen?
Julius Caesar. They killed him because some Romans did not want a king to rule Rome. They were not happy that Caesar had so much power.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar
9.What is the name of the French emperor, who had to spend the last six years of his life under British supervision on the island of Saint Helena? Add short biography.
Napoleon Bonaparte. Although France was left in an economic state similar to before his rule, Napoleon Bonaparte was a revered military genius and rose in rank to become Emperor of France and King of Italy. The Little Corporal, as he was known, was to have great might in all his endeavors and has become one of the most studied personages of the 18 th and 19 th centuries.
Young Napoleon was born in Corsica. During his military training in France and while serving as a lieutenant and captain in their forces, he often returned to Corsica to be with family and friends. At the age of 16, while Napoleon was in France training, his father died of cancer and Napoleon became the family’s caretaker. Napoleon and his family fled to Corsica to live in France when Paoli came to power and declared his rule a dictatorship over the island – and thereafter declared independence from France.
Napoleon Bonaparte climbed rank quickly in the armed forces due to his familial connections and his uncanny military knowledge, which he gained through dedicated reading. He also was influenced by the writings of Voltaire and did not practice much in the way of religion. Although he was a Roman Catholic, he often thought about becoming a Muslim after visiting Egypt.
When a riot formed in Paris, in hopes of stopping a national convention, Bonaparte was reinstated to second in command and took care of the situation – by shooting those who began marching on the capital. With his actions, he was said to have alone saved the newly found government of France and was quickly appointed the commander of the Army of the Interior. The new government was known as the Directory. With his new command, he led France to several military triumphs in Austria, Italy, the French colonies, and the Alps.
Napoleon was away from Paris for long periods due to battles and victories. In his absence, the Royalists began gaining power. In order for them not take over, Napoleon proclaimed himself dictator of France and had the full support of the military. When he first took power, peace was restored for a time. However, during these peaceful times, Napoleon carried on his attempts at imperialism, which made Great Britain nervous. The two countries went to war and finding no peace, Napoleon attempted to gather allies and form blockades on British goods.
Napoleon made numerous enemies and became an unpopular subject among other governments. He was removed from power and forced to reside on Elba Island. He soon returned to France and gathered peasants and armies who believed in his cause. When an American attack seemed imminent, he was forced in exile on St. Helena, where he led an easy life and would eventually die due to disease.
http://www.biographyshelf.com/napoleon_bonaparte_biography.html
10.What was the maiden name of the Princess of Wales, who was killed in the car accident in France? Illustate her short biography.
Princess Diana was one of the most famous women in the world.
Diana was born on 1 July 1961 as Diana Frances Spencer. Her father was Lord Spencer. She left school when she was 16 and moved to London when she was 17.
In 1981 Diana married Prince Charles at St. Paul's Cathedral. They had two sons, Prince William and Prince Henry.
Charles and Diana separated in 1992 and they divorced in 1996. Diana said Camilla Parker-Bowles was responsible for the problems with her marriage.
Princess Diana was well known for her charity work. She campaigned to end land mines. She also helped to make the lives of people with AIDS better.
Diana and her boyfriend, Dodi Al-Fayed, died in a car crash in Paris on 31 August 1997. Many people left flowers, candles, cards and personal messages for her in public places. She had a big funeral in London.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Diana
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